A function is a set of SQL statements that perform a specific task. Functions foster code reusability. If you have to repeatedly write large SQL scripts to perform the same task, you can create a function that performs that task. Next time instead of rewriting the SQL, you can simply call that function. A function accepts inputs in the form of parameters and returns a value. SQL Server comes with a set of built-in functions that perform a variety of tasks.

All database users know about regular aggregate functions which operate on an entire table and are used with a GROUP BY clause. But very few people use Window functions in SQL. These operate on a set of rows and return a single aggregated value for each row.